New medical student part - 16
-:Gynaecology:-
◆ Period:-
A Period is a release of blood from a girl's uterus out through her Vagina. It is sign that she is getting close to the end of puberty.
Film:- The story of menstruation.
◆ Ovulation:-
It is a part of menstrual cycle occurs when an egg is released from the ovary.
When the egg is released, it may or may not be fertilized by sperm, If fertilized egg may travel to the uterus and implant to develop into a pregnancy it left unfertilized, the egg disintegrate and the uterine lining is shed during the period.
◆ Menstrual Cycle:-
Menstrual cycle is the regular natural change that occurs in the Female Reproductive System that makes pregnancy possible. The Cycle is required for the product of ocytes and for the preparation of the uterus for pregnancy.
The Menstrual cycle occurs due to the rise and fall of Estrogen.
-:Types Of Menstrual Cycle:-
● Menstrual Phase (MP)
● Follicular Phase (FP)
● Ovulatory Phase (OP)
● Luteal Phase (LP)
◆ EDD :-
It is stand for Expected Date of Delivery.
Duration of Delivery:- 277 Days or 9 months 7 Days.
But, 1Year = 12months
1 Week = 7 Days Duration of Delivery in Week
=277/7 = [38 Weeks] A n s.
LMP (Last Menstrual Period):-
Example 1.
◆ LMP= 18/01/2018 EDD= ? +7 / 9
25/10/2018
This is the Date of EDD=25/10/2018 Example 2.
LMP= 25 / 10+1 /2018+1
EDD=? +7 / 9
2 / 20-12=8 / 2019
This is the date of EDD = 02/08/2019
-:Medicines allowed during Pregnancy:-
-:Antibiotic:-
Amoxicillin + Clavulanate
Clarithromycin
Cefaclor
Erythromycin
Nitrofurantoin
Metronidazole
Penicillin
Azithromycin
-:Cold/Allergy:-
Afrine Saline Chest spray (Oxymethazoline)
Allegra
Benadryl
Chlorpheniramine
Lorotadine
Brompheniramine
Fluticasone NasalSpray
Guaifonosin (Coughsyrup)
Dextromethorphan
ChlorasepticLozenges
Cetirizine
BodyPain:-
Darvocet N 100(Acetaminophen)
Paracetamol III. Acetaminophen +codeine
-:Sleep:-
Zolpidemtartrate
Acetaminophen + diphenhydramine
Doxylamine
-:Diarrhea:-
Loperamide
Lomotil (diphenoxylateAtropine)
BismuthSubSalicylate
-:TopicalAgents:-
Calamine lotion
Hydrocortisone lotion
Hydrocortisone cream
Neosporin ointment
Neomycin Sulphate
Polymyxin B Sulphate
Bacitracin Zinc
-:Ulcer:-
Lanzoprazole
Antacids
Omeprazole
Rantidine
Fomatidine
Cefoperazone +sulbactam
Ranidom
-:Constipation:-
Methyl Cellulose
Calcium polycarbophil
Laxative Powder
Magnesium hydroxide
Docusate sodium
D&C
-:Dilation and Curettage:-
Dilation and Curettage is a procedure done to remove tissue from the
inner lining of the womb. During this procedure the cervix or the entrance to
the womb is dilated widened and a spoon shaped instruments is inserted to slowly scoop out the infected tissue or remain developing unborn foetus from the womb.
As this instrument is inserted through the Vagina, no cut or opening are made surgically and no stiches are placed Curettage is one of the oldest gynecological operations.
IUD (Intrauterine Death)
Intrauterine fetal death is the clinical term for still birth used to describe the death of a baby in the uterus.
The term is usually applied to losses after the 20th week gestation. Fetal Demise is defined differently around the world based on the gestational age and weight of the fetus.
-:Use of Copper T:-
The Intrauterine device is a Capital T shaped plastic and copper device. The Copper T constantly release a small amount of copper into the uterus. The Copper T can also be used for emergency contraception instead of emergency contraceptive pills.
-:How effective is the copper IUD:-
It is more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy and can last up to 5-10 years. If Copper IUD are using for emergency contraception then use it within 5 days or 120 hours after unprotected sex.
-:Abortion:-
Abortion is when a pregnancy is ended so that it does not result in the birth of child, sometimes
it is called termination of pregnancy. We treat thousand of women who have decided that abortion is the right choice
for them And give advice and counseling
to women who don't know what to do next. There are Two types of Abortion treatment as Medical and Surgical abortion.
-:First Trimester:-
At Your first pronatal visit, you will undergo a physical exam as well as certain tests and screening. To access the health of you and your unborn baby.
First Trimester symptoms vary from woman to woman with some experience all known symptoms and other. Only a few duration of symptoms can vary as well. After eight weeks the embryo is referred to as a foetus. Although the foetus is only 1 to 1.5 inch long. At this point all major organ and system have been formed during the first Trimester. The foetus is most susceptible to damage from substance like Alcohol drugs and certain Medicines.
How many Ultrasound do you have in your first Trimester
The first is ideally in the first trimester to confirm. The due date and second is at 18-22 weeks to confirm normal Anatomy and the sex of the baby, "Explain Mendola".
As long as these Ultrasound are normal and mom's abdominal measure consistent with her Gestation, then that is all most woman head. Mendola notes that if there are any problems with there initial Ultrasound or if there is a discrepancy in the foetus size along the way repeat ultrasound is warranted "Addition ally if moms have medical issues such as diabetes or Hypertension then they will also received additional scans".
-:How pregnancy test given the reading:-
[https://youtu.be/bI5tqs-_AwQ]
Pregnancy test work by checking the urine for a hormone called HCG. The Baby makes this hormone
if the woman is pregnant.
HCG is released when a
fertilized egg attached to the lining of the uterus. When pregnancy begins if your pregnancy test result are positive. It means that the lady is pregnant if it is negative that means they are not pregnant.
Pregnant test are most accurate when you take them often you are already
missed their period. A pregnancy test will be less accurate if it's expired or if you don't use it the right way. So always check the examination date on the package and carefully read the direction that with your pregnancy test.
-:How to use Unwanted kit:-
[https://youtu.be/OrzTdKhayIk]
Unwanted kit tablets should be taken with food or as your doctor's advice. You must start with dose of Mifepristone it should be taken orally by swallow the tablets whole with a drink of water if you experience vomattine within 30minutes of Doctors or take another tablet.
First Day---(1) Mifepristone [morning]
2. Misopristole 24hrs to 48hrs
3. 12hrs between
Unwanted Kit tablets stop pregnancy of 48 days
-:What is use of Placenta:-
[https://youtu.be/7OvRdeKehuw]
The Placenta is an organ that develops in your uterus during pregnancy. This structure provide oxygen and nutrients.
To your growing baby and removes waste products from your
baby's blood. The Placenta attached to the wall of your uterus and teh baby's umbilical cord arise fromit.
-:What is the use of i pill tablet:-
i pill (Levonorgestrel)
[https://youtu.be/OrzTdKhayIk]
Emergency contraceptive is used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex of failure of other forms of birth control.
Levonorgestrel emergency contraceptive may also used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
-: Section - C :-
Section-C means Caesarian section.
Caesarian section also known as Section C, or Caesarian delivery is the use of surgery to deliver baby's.
A Caesarian section is often necessary when a vaginal delivery would put the baby or mother at risk.
-:What is Ovral G used for:-
Ovral G tablet is a combined oral contraceptives pills. It works by preventing the release of egg (Ovulation) and effecting sperm movement in the womb to prevent it's union with the egg. It also changes the lining of the womb. And renders it unsuitable forpregnancy.
-:What is the use of Mala D:-
Mala D tablet is a medicine used for contraception and in the treatment of in regular period. It helps to prevent the release of egg. And its fertilization by the sperm.
-:Dose:-
Dose start on first day of mentrual cycle taking one tablet daily for 21 consecutive days followed by 7days of iron and folic acid supplementation.
-:Packaging:-
One Cycle is of 20 pills in which 21 pills is for contraception rest 7 pills are for iron supplementation.
Injection:-
Depo Provera
(Medroxyprogestrone acetate)
A Contraceptive injection that contains the hormone progesterone. Depo Provera is given as an injection every 3 months.
Depo Provera typically suppressed ovulation keeping the ovaries from releasing an egg.It alsothicknesscervical mucus to keep sperm from reaching the egg.
LSCS
[Lower Segment Caesarian Section]
LSCS is the most commonly used types of Caesarian section most commonly to deliver the baby. A transverse incision is made in the Lower uterine segment above the attachment of the urinary bladder to the uterus.
What is PCOS or PCOD
PCOS(Polycystic ovarian syndromes)
PCOD (Polycystic ovarian disease)
This is very common condition affective 5% to 10% of women in the age group 12-45 years. It is a problem in which a woman's hormones are out of balance. It can cause problems with menstrual period and make it difficult for her to conceive the principal future include no Ovulation. Irregular periods acne and hirsuitism. If not treated it can cause insulin resistant diabetes, obesity and high cho cholesterol hording to heart disease.
Common Symptoms of PCOS/PCOD include:-
● Acne
● Weight Gain and trouble losing weight
● Thinning hair on the skull
-:Treatment:-
The medical treatment of PCOD/PCOS focuses on managing your individual concerned such as infertility hersuitism Acne orobesity.
Lowering of Blood Glucose level
Restoration offertility
Treatment of hersuitism or acne
-: HIV/AIDS:-
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attack Cells that helps the body fight infection, making a person more vulnerable to other infection and disease. If left untreated HIV can lead to the disease AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndromes).
Stages of HIV infection:-
● Infection
● Asymptomatic
● Symptomatic
AIDS progression of HIV to AIDS Symptoms
Fiver
Joint pain
Weakness
Chills
Sore throat
-:HIV Breast Feeding:-
HIV can be spread through breast milk. So mothers in the us who have HIV should not breast feed their babies.
-:HIV in women:-
Women who are infected with HIV typically that it by having sex with a man who is infected or by sharing needles with minority races ethnicities are especially affected and black or African, American women are the more affected group.
-:HIV in pregnant women:-
All pregnant women should know their status pregnant women who are HIV positive can work with their health care provides to insure their babies don't contact HIV during pregnancy delivery or after delivery. It is possible for a mother to have HIV and not spread it to herbaby.
Especially if she knows about her HIV status Early and works with her health care provides to reduce the risk.
Some important Questions related to -:Female:-
● Start Period age in the girl Age 10 to 13 year
-:Some important tips for the female:-
● First period are called menarch.
● First period is a simple.
● Period timing 28 days but sometimes it is even 21 to 45 Days.
● At the beginning of the first period is the developed of breast and hips.
● When a girl reaches young condition she has 40,000eggs.
Some important Questions Related to -:pregnancy:-
◆ When does Vomiting occur in pregnancy?
Ans:- Vomiting can be one of the early symptom in pregnancy and start here in the six month of pregnancy.
◆ Does the height stop growing after a period stop?
Ans:-Height increase until two year after the period start, after that the height stop increasing.
◆ Can be Period in twice a months ?
● It is disease caused by taking a medicine.
● This happens even when hormones change inside a woman.
● This happens when a woman takes birth control pills.
◆ Female has periods from when to.
Ans:- A Female has periods from 13years to 55years.
◆ What should be the sperm count?
Ans:- At least 29 million to 40million.
◆ Can we have sex during periods,?
Ans:- Yes, you can use safety otherwise chances of getting an infection increase.
◆ Can we have sex during pregnancy?
Ans:- Yes, you can it does not matter to our child and neither pregnancy is distroyed.
◆ When should not you have sex in pregnancy?
Ans:- In a situation when you have a pregnancy problem.
As:-a) Danger of premature delivery
b). Vaginal bleeding
c). Whole in the bag.
Then, never have sex in such a situation.
◆ How many days after your baby's birth should you have sex?
Ans:- Sex should not be done until a
Female is completed in normal conditions.
Regardless of the case:-
Normal Delivery
Or
Section C
[Next part - 17]
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